Economy Characteristics

Doing Business uses a number of variables to characterize a country. Among them:

Gross national income (GNI) per capita
Doing Business 2012 reports 2010 income per capita as published in the World Bank’s World Development Indicators 2011. Income is calculated using the Atlas method (current US$). For cost indicators expressed as a percentage of income per capita, 2010 GNI in US$ is used as the denominator. Data were not available from the World Bank for Afghanistan; Australia; The Bahamas; Bahrain; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Cyprus; Djibouti; the Islamic Republic of Iran; Kuwait; New Zealand; Oman; Puerto Rico (territory of the United States); Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Suriname; Taiwan, China; the United Arab Emirates; West Bank and Gaza; and the Republic of Yemen. In these cases GDP or GNP per capita data and growth rates from the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook database and the Economist Intelligence Unit were used.

Region and income group
Doing Business uses the World Bank regional and income group classifications. The World Bank does not assign regional classifications to high-income economies. For the purpose of the Doing Business report, high-income OECD economies are assigned the “regional” classifi cation OECD high income. Figures and tables presenting regional averages include economies from all income groups (low, lower middle, upper middle and high income).

Population
Doing Business 2012 reports midyear 2010 population statistics as published in World Development Indicators 2011.

Additional development data and statistics are available from the World Bank. For main Doing Business indicators by economy, click on the economy name.

Regions

Name	Region	Income	GNI	Population
East Asia & Pacific	--	--	7526.9	--
Eastern Europe & Central Asia	--	--	6659	--
Latin America & Caribbean	--	--	6909.2	--
Middle East & North Africa	--	--	14954.5	--
OECD high income	--	--	38853.9	--
South Asia	--	--	1564.6	--
Sub-Saharan Africa	--	--	2005.7	--

Name	Region	Income	GNI	Population
Afghanistan	South Asia	Low income	517	30,605,401
Albania	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	4,000	3,169,087
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	4,460	35,422,589
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	3,960	18,992,707
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	10,610	88,550
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	8,450	40,665,732
Armenia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	3,090	3,090,379
Australia	OECD high income	High income	43,740	22,327,200
Austria	OECD high income	High income	46,710	8,381,780
Azerbaijan	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	5,180	8,883,200
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	21,879	345,736
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	High income	20,475	807,131
Bangladesh	South Asia	Low income	640	164,425,491
Belarus	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	6,030	9,645,000
Belgium	OECD high income	High income	45,420	10,866,560
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	3,740	344,700
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	750	9,211,741
Bhutan	South Asia	Lower middle income	1,920	708,484
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	1,790	10,030,832
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	4,790	3,759,633
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	6,890	1,977,569
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	9,390	194,946,470
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	High income	31,238	407,045
Bulgaria	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	6,240	7,561,910
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	550	16,286,706
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	160	8,518,862
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Low income	760	14,138,255
Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,160	19,958,351
Canada	OECD high income	High income	46,215	34,173,900
Cape Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	3,160	512,582
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	460	4,505,945
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	600	11,506,130
Chile	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	9,940	17,134,708
China	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	4,260	1,338,300,000
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	5,510	46,300,196
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	820	675,000
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	180	67,827,495
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	2,310	3,758,678
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	6,580	4,639,827
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,070	21,570,746
Croatia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	High income	13,760	4,430,003
Cyprus	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	High income	28,237	879,723
Czech Republic	OECD high income	High income	17,870	10,534,920
Denmark	OECD high income	High income	58,980	5,565,020
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	1,383	879,053
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,960	74,000
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,860	10,225,482
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,510	13,774,909
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	2,340	84,474,427
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	3,360	6,194,126
Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	High income	14,680	693,385
Eritrea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	340	5,223,994
Estonia	OECD high income	High income	14,360	1,340,200
Ethiopia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	380	84,975,606
Fiji	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	3,610	854,098
Finland	OECD high income	High income	47,170	5,362,610
France	OECD high income	High income	42,390	64,876,618
Gabon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	7,760	1,501,266
Gambia, The	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	440	1,750,732
Georgia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	2,690	4,428,544
Germany	OECD high income	High income	43,330	81,635,580
Ghana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,240	24,332,755
Greece	OECD high income	High income	27,240	11,329,170
Grenada	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	5,560	104,342
Guatemala	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	2,740	14,376,881
Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	380	10,323,755
Guinea-Bissau	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	540	1,647,380
Guyana	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	3,270	761,442
Haiti	Latin America & Caribbean	Low income	650	9,958,175
Honduras	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	1,880	7,615,584
Hong Kong SAR, China	East Asia & Pacific	High income	32,900	7,041,270
Hungary	OECD high income	High income	12,990	10,004,970
Iceland	OECD high income	High income	33,870	318,450
India	South Asia	Lower middle income	1,340	1,170,938,000
Indonesia	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,580	232,516,771
Iran, Islamic Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	4,741	73,864,000
Iraq	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	2,320	32,297,391
Ireland	OECD high income	High income	40,990	4,451,310
Israel	OECD high income	High income	27,340	7,577,000
Italy	OECD high income	High income	35,090	60,574,530
Jamaica	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,750	2,712,091
Japan	OECD high income	High income	42,150	127,380,000
Jordan	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	4,350	6,093,000
Kazakhstan	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	7,440	16,316,050
Kenya	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	780	40,862,900
Kiribati	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,010	99,547
Korea, Rep.	OECD high income	High income	19,890	48,875,000
Kosovo	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	3,300	1,815,000
Kuwait	Middle East & North Africa	High income	36,412	2,863,000
Kyrgyz Republic	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Low income	880	5,365,167
Lao PDR	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,010	6,436,093
Latvia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	High income	11,620	2,242,830
Lebanon	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	9,020	4,254,583
Lesotho	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,080	2,084,182
Liberia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	190	4,101,767
Lithuania	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	11,400	3,318,970
Luxembourg	OECD high income	High income	79,510	506,640
Macedonia, FYR	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	4,520	2,060,563
Madagascar	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	440	20,146,442
Malawi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	330	14,900,841
Malaysia	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	7,900	27,913,990
Maldives	South Asia	Upper middle income	4,270	313,920
Mali	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	600	15,369,809
Marshall Islands	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,990	62,360
Mauritania	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,060	3,365,675
Mauritius	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	7,740	1,282,000
Mexico	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	9,330	108,523,000
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,700	111,064
Moldova	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	1,810	3,561,105
Mongolia	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,890	2,701,117
Montenegro	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	6,690	625,516
Morocco	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	2,850	32,381,283
Mozambique	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	440	23,405,670
Namibia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	4,650	2,212,037
Nepal	South Asia	Low income	490	29,852,682
Netherlands	OECD high income	High income	49,720	16,622,560
New Zealand	OECD high income	High income	32,145	4,370,700
Nicaragua	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	1,080	5,822,265
Niger	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	360	15,891,482
Nigeria	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,180	158,258,917
Norway	OECD high income	High income	85,380	4,882,930
Oman	Middle East & North Africa	High income	18,657	2,905,114
Pakistan	South Asia	Lower middle income	1,050	173,383,000
Palau	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	6,460	20,519
Panama	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	6,990	3,508,475
Papua New Guinea	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,300	6,888,387
Paraguay	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	2,940	6,459,727
Peru	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,710	29,496,120
Philippines	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,050	93,616,853
Poland	OECD high income	High income	12,420	38,177,910
Portugal	OECD high income	High income	21,860	10,641,710
Puerto Rico (U.S.)	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	17,280	3,980,064
Qatar	Middle East & North Africa	High income	76,168	1,508,322
Romania	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	7,840	21,449,980
Russian Federation	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	9,910	141,750,000
Rwanda	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	540	10,277,212
Samoa	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,930	178,943
São Tomé and Príncipe	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,200	165,397
Saudi Arabia	Middle East & North Africa	High income	16,995.78	25,988,900
Senegal	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,050	12,860,717
Serbia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	5,820	7,289,300
Seychelles	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	9,490	89,000
Sierra Leone	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	340	5,835,664
Singapore	East Asia & Pacific	High income	40,920	5,140,300
Slovak Republic	OECD high income	High income	16,220	5,429,970
Slovenia	OECD high income	High income	23,860	2,065,110
Solomon Islands	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,030	535,699
South Africa	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	6,100	49,962,243
Spain	OECD high income	High income	31,650	46,217,400
Sri Lanka	South Asia	Lower middle income	2,290	20,451,826
St. Kitts and Nevis	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	9,980	50,000
St. Lucia	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,970	174,000
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,850	109,284
Sudan	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,270	43,551,941
Suriname	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	6,975	524,345
Swaziland	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	2,600	1,201,904
Sweden	OECD high income	High income	49,930	9,394,130
Switzerland	OECD high income	High income	70,350	7,790,010
Syrian Arab Republic	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	2,640	21,615,919
Taiwan, China	East Asia & Pacific	High income	18,458	23,151,000
Tajikistan	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Low income	780	7,074,845
Tanzania	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	530	45,039,573
Thailand	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	4,210	68,139,238
Timor-Leste	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,200	1,171,163
Togo	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	440	6,780,030
Tonga	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	3,380	104,260
Trinidad and Tobago	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	15,380	1,343,725
Tunisia	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	4,070	10,535,100
Turkey	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	9,500	75,705,147
Uganda	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	490	33,796,461
Ukraine	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	3,010	45,759,961
United Arab Emirates	Middle East & North Africa	High income	59,716.85	4,707,307
United Kingdom	OECD high income	High income	38,540	62,246,610
United States	OECD high income	High income	47,140	309,712,000
Uruguay	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	10,590	3,356,584
Uzbekistan	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	1,280	28,160,361
Vanuatu	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,760	239,651
Venezuela, RB	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	11,590	28,834,000
Vietnam	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,100	88,361,983
West Bank and Gaza	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	1,523	4,152,102
Yemen, Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	1,060	24,255,928
Zambia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,070	12,926,409
Zimbabwe	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	460	12,644,041

Economy Characteristics

The World Bank Group