Economy Characteristics

Doing Business uses a number of variables to characterize a country. Among them:

Gross national income (GNI) per capita
Doing Business 2013 reports 2011 income per capita as published in the World Bank’s World Development Indicators 2012. Income is calculated using the Atlas method (current U.S. dollars). For cost indicators expressed as a percentage of income per capita, 2011 gross national income (GNI) in U.S. dollars is used as the denominator. GNI data were not available from the World Bank for Afghanistan, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Cyprus, Djibouti, Guyana, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kuwait, Malta, New Zealand, Oman, Puerto Rico (territory of the United States), Sudan, Suriname, the Syrian Arab Republic, TimorLeste, West Bank and Gaza, and the Republic of Yemen. In these cases GDP or GNP per capita data and growth rates from the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook database and the Economist Intelligence Unit were used.

Region and income group
Doing Business uses the World Bank regional and income group classiﬁcations. The World Bank does not assign regional classiﬁcations to high-income economies. For the purpose of the Doing Business report, high-income OECD economies are assigned the “regional” classiﬁcation OECD high income. Figures and tables presenting regional averages include economies from all income groups (low, lower middle, upper middle and high income).

Population
Doing Business 2013 reports midyear 2011 population statistics as published in World Development Indicators 2012.

Additional development data and statistics are available from the World Bank. For main Doing Business indicators by economy, click on the economy name.

Regions

Name	Region	Income	GNI	Population
East Asia & Pacific	--	--	8306.8	--
Eastern Europe & Central Asia	--	--	7001.3	--
Latin America & Caribbean	--	--	7882.9	--
Middle East & North Africa	--	--	15685.6	--
OECD high income	--	--	40314	--
South Asia	--	--	1951.9	--
Sub-Saharan Africa	--	--	2164	--

Name	Region	Name	GNI	Population
Afghanistan	South Asia	Low income	585	35,320,445
Albania	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	3,980	3,215,988
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	4,470	35,980,193
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	4,060	19,618,432
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	12,060	89,612
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	9,740	40,764,561
Armenia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	3,360	3,100,236
Australia	OECD high income	High income	65,477	22,620,600
Austria	OECD high income	High income	48,300	8,419,000
Azerbaijan	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	5,290	9,168,000
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	23,175	347,176
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	High income	23,132	1,323,535
Bangladesh	South Asia	Low income	770	150,493,658
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	16,149	273,925
Belarus	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	5,830	9,473,000
Belgium	OECD high income	High income	46,160	11,008,000
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	3,690	356,600
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	780	9,099,922
Bhutan	South Asia	Lower middle income	2,070	738,267
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	2,040	10,088,108
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	4,780	3,752,228
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	7,480	2,030,738
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	10,720	196,655,014
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	High income	36,584	405,938
Bulgaria	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	6,550	7,476,000
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	570	16,967,845
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	250	8,575,172
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Low income	830	14,305,183
Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,210	20,030,362
Canada	OECD high income	High income	45,560	34,482,779
Cape Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	3,540	500,585
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	470	4,486,837
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	690	11,525,496
Chile	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	12,280	17,269,525
China	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	4,930	1,344,130,000
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	6,110	46,927,125
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	770	753,943
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	190	67,757,577
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	2,270	4,139,748
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	7,660	4,726,575
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,100	20,152,894
Croatia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	High income	13,850	4,407,000
Cyprus	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	High income	30,571	1,116,564
Czech Republic	OECD high income	High income	18,520	10,546,000
Denmark	OECD high income	High income	60,390	5,574,000
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	1,467	905,564
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	7,090	67,675
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	5,240	10,056,181
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,140	14,666,055
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	2,600	82,536,770
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	3,480	6,227,491
Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	High income	14,540	720,213
Eritrea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	430	5,415,280
Estonia	OECD high income	High income	15,200	1,340,000
Ethiopia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	400	84,734,262
Fiji	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	3,680	868,406
Finland	OECD high income	High income	48,420	5,387,000
France	OECD high income	High income	42,420	65,436,552
Gabon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	7,980	1,534,262
Gambia, The	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	610	1,776,103
Georgia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	2,860	4,486,000
Germany	OECD high income	High income	43,980	81,726,000
Ghana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,410	24,965,816
Greece	OECD high income	High income	25,030	11,304,000
Grenada	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	7,220	104,890
Guatemala	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	2,870	14,757,316
Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	440	10,221,808
Guinea-Bissau	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	600	1,547,061
Guyana	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	3,202	756,040
Haiti	Latin America & Caribbean	Low income	700	10,123,787
Honduras	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	1,970	7,754,687
Hong Kong SAR, China	East Asia & Pacific	High income	35,160	7,071,600
Hungary	OECD high income	High income	12,730	9,971,000
Iceland	OECD high income	High income	35,020	319,000
India	South Asia	Lower middle income	1,420	1,241,491,960
Indonesia	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,940	242,325,638
Iran, Islamic Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	6,360	74,798,599
Iraq	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	2,640	32,961,959
Ireland	OECD high income	High income	38,580	4,487,000
Israel	OECD high income	High income	28,930	7,765,700
Italy	OECD high income	High income	35,330	60,770,000
Jamaica	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	4,980	2,709,300
Japan	OECD high income	High income	45,180	127,817,277
Jordan	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	4,380	6,181,000
Kazakhstan	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	8,220	16,558,459
Kenya	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	820	41,609,728
Kiribati	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,110	101,093
Korea, Rep.	OECD high income	High income	20,870	49,779,000
Kosovo	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	3,520	1,794,303
Kuwait	Middle East & North Africa	High income	47,982	2,818,042
Kyrgyz Republic	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Low income	920	5,507,000
Lao PDR	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,130	6,288,037
Latvia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	12,350	2,220,000
Lebanon	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	9,110	4,259,405
Lesotho	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,220	2,193,843
Liberia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	240	4,128,572
Lithuania	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	12,280	3,203,000
Luxembourg	OECD high income	High income	78,130	517,000
Macedonia, FYR	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	4,730	2,063,893
Madagascar	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	430	21,315,135
Malawi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	340	15,380,888
Malaysia	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	8,420	28,859,154
Maldives	South Asia	Upper middle income	6,530	320,081
Mali	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	610	15,839,538
Malta	Middle East & North Africa	High income	21,028	419,000
Marshall Islands	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	3,910	54,816
Mauritania	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	1,000	3,541,540
Mauritius	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	8,240	1,286,051
Mexico	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	9,240	114,793,341
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,900	111,542
Moldova	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	1,980	3,559,000
Mongolia	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,320	2,800,114
Montenegro	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	7,060	632,261
Morocco	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	2,970	32,272,974
Mozambique	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	470	23,929,708
Namibia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	4,700	2,324,004
Nepal	South Asia	Low income	540	30,485,798
Netherlands	OECD high income	High income	49,730	16,696,000
New Zealand	OECD high income	High income	36,648	4,405,200
Nicaragua	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	1,170	5,869,859
Niger	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	360	16,068,994
Nigeria	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,200	162,470,737
Norway	OECD high income	High income	88,890	4,952,000
Oman	Middle East & North Africa	High income	23,315	2,846,145
Pakistan	South Asia	Lower middle income	1,120	176,745,364
Palau	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	7,250	20,609
Panama	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	7,910	3,571,185
Papua New Guinea	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,480	7,013,829
Paraguay	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	2,970	6,568,290
Peru	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	5,500	29,399,817
Philippines	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,210	94,852,030
Poland	OECD high income	High income	12,480	38,216,000
Portugal	OECD high income	High income	21,250	10,637,000
Puerto Rico (U.S.)	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	17,655	3,706,690
Qatar	Middle East & North Africa	High income	80,440	1,870,041
Romania	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	7,910	21,390,000
Russian Federation	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	10,400	141,930,000
Rwanda	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	570	10,942,950
Samoa	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	3,190	183,874
São Tomé and Príncipe	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,360	168,526
Saudi Arabia	Middle East & North Africa	High income	17,820	28,082,541
Senegal	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,070	12,767,556
Serbia	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	5,680	7,261,000
Seychelles	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	11,130	86,000
Sierra Leone	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	340	5,997,486
Singapore	East Asia & Pacific	High income	42,930	5,183,700
Slovak Republic	OECD high income	High income	16,070	5,440,000
Slovenia	OECD high income	High income	23,610	2,052,000
Solomon Islands	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,110	552,267
South Africa	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	6,960	50,586,757
Spain	OECD high income	High income	30,990	46,235,000
Sri Lanka	South Asia	Lower middle income	2,580	20,869,000
St. Kitts and Nevis	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	12,480	53,051
St. Lucia	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	6,680	176,000
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	6,100	109,365
Sudan	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,982	34,318,385
Suriname	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	7,096	529,419
Swaziland	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	3,300	1,067,773
Sweden	OECD high income	High income	53,230	9,453,000
Switzerland	OECD high income	High income	76,380	7,907,000
Syrian Arab Republic	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	2,803	20,820,311
Taiwan, China	East Asia & Pacific	High income	20,200	23,180,000
Tajikistan	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Low income	870	6,976,958
Tanzania	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	540	46,218,486
Thailand	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	4,420	69,518,555
Timor-Leste	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	3,949	1,175,880
Togo	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	560	6,154,813
Tonga	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	3,580	104,509
Trinidad and Tobago	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	15,040	1,346,350
Tunisia	Middle East & North Africa	Upper middle income	4,070	10,673,800
Turkey	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	10,410	73,639,596
Uganda	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	510	34,509,205
Ukraine	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	3,120	45,706,100
United Arab Emirates	Middle East & North Africa	High income	40,760	7,890,924
United Kingdom	OECD high income	High income	37,780	62,641,000
United States	OECD high income	High income	48,450	311,591,917
Uruguay	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	11,860	3,368,595
Uzbekistan	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	1,510	29,341,200
Vanuatu	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	2,870	245,619
Venezuela, RB	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	11,920	29,278,000
Vietnam	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	1,260	87,840,000
West Bank and Gaza	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	1,610	4,019,433
Yemen, Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income	1,070	24,799,880
Zambia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	1,160	13,474,959
Zimbabwe	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	640	12,754,378